Функционально-семантическая характеристика эвфемизмов в жанре английского новостного сообщения
Introduction
The modern world is in a constant state of change, continuously going through various transformations due to factors like technological advancements, globalization, and modernization. Language, being dynamic itself, reflects these changes. It not only serves as a way to communicate but also has a significant impact on people's daily lives and plays a crucial role in shaping how modern media operates. In today's information-based society, the dominance of information over physical labor is clear. As a result, the media holds a crucial position as the primary source of information and knowledge, exerting a profound influence on the collective awareness and playing a significant role in shaping societal values and norms. Additionally, examining language through the perspective of media allows us to explore its historical development and study how it has evolved over time.
Linguists have long been interested in studying the various stylistic techniques used in the media. In society, attitudes, values, and norms are shaped in a variety of ways. Journalists have a powerful strategy for influencing their audience by using euphemisms in their language. Throughout history, people have tried to avoid discussing certain topics for a variety of reasons, including protecting others from emotional harm, avoiding negative reactions, and maintaining social norms. There are many ways to avoid using offensive words and phrases in speech, but euphemisms are the primary tool for replacing harsh and undesirable language with gentler, more neutral expressions.
Contents
Introduction 3
Chapter I. Theoretical foundation of the study 6
1.1 Peculiarities of media language 6
1.2 Euphemisms: different approaches to the desalination of concepts, classifications, functions 7
1.3 Purposes of euphemizing speech 12
1.4 Taboo and euphemism 13
1.5 Ways to form euphemisms 14
1.6 Semantic Characteristics of Euphemisms 15
1.7 Conditions for using euphemisms in the media 16
1.8 Euphemisms as a way to manipulate consciousness 17
2.1 Research methodology 20
2.2 Research description 21
2.3 Findings and results 22
Conclusion 36
References 38
References
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This category comprises euphemisms for military secrets, weapon manufacture, certain types of equipment, the sociological and numerical composition of institutions (not just military ones), the profile of their activity, and much more.
The package includes four Iris-t air-defence systems, 18 wheeled howitzers with ammunition, 30 Leopard 1 tanks, 20 Marder infantry fighting vehicles and more than 200 surveillance drones. A deal was also announced whereby Germany’s largest arms manufacturer, Rheinmetall, will form a joint venture with Ukraine’s Ukroboronprom to service and repair tanks, and ultimately manufacture them. Mr Zelensky then travelled with Mr Scholz to Aachen, where he was presented with the Charlemagne Prize, an award for bringing Europeans together. Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, gushed: “Ukraine incarnates everything the European idea is living for: the courage of convictions, the fight for values and freedom, the commitment to peace and unity” (The Economist). Here instead of directly saying that Germany is supplying Ukraine with weapons and military equipment, the article uses phrases such as "war-winning weapons" and "support package", which have a less direct connotation. The phrase "service and repair tanks" also euphemizes the fact that they are supplying and maintaining military equipment.
The biggest game-changer for Ukraine, at least as far as its coming offensive is concerned, is the Storm Shadow. The Anglo-French missile has a range of at least 250km. It also has stealth features that make it hard for air-defence systems to spot, and carries a bunker-busting dual-charge warhead. Amid reports that Ukrainian Su-24 aircraft have already fired the missile, Russian logistics hubs and command posts that sit beyond the 80km range of the American himars rocket system are now in jeopardy, as are bridges and air bases in Crimea.
The messaging from Mr Zelensky’s trip may be almost as important as the weapons themselves. At this week’s g7 summit in Hiroshima, there will be further pressure on the Americans to provide Ukraine with longer-range missiles and allow an emerging coalition of countries to give Mr Zelensky the f-16 fighter jets he needs. All this will convey to Vladimir Putin that after this Ukrainian offensive there may be even better-equipped ones to come (The Economist). In this example instead of directly saying that Ukraine is preparing for an offensive and using missiles to attack Russian targets, the article uses phrases such as "coming offensive" and "logistics hubs and command posts...are now in jeopardy". Also, the phrase "convey to Vladimir Putin that after this Ukrainian offensive there may be even better-equipped ones to come" euphemizes the fact that Ukraine is directly threatening Russia.